Exit from Nuremberg to the Hague: The Malabo Protocol and the Pan-African Road to Arusha

Abstract In adopting the Malabo Protocol and creating African Court of Justice Human Rights, Union has established first ever regional court with international criminal jurisdiction. This milestone signals once again, role institutions in developing norms politics. Yet, both International Relations (IR) theories debates official narratives historiography legal order tend to omit sustained contributions states institutions. Echoes (AU)’s efforts define codify crimes that are concern its constituents can be found states’ interventions at Law Commission during 1980s negotiations lead creation Criminal (ICC) 1990s. article argues beyond critique skepticism about AU’s agenda, there is a vision trajectory underlies agency attempts usher an speaks more directly equitably concerns continent. Ultimately, I propose genealogy those Pan-African visions for embedded justice system provides fundamental corrective Nuremberg The Hague narrative.